How To Fix SABP_UNIT031 - Visibilities are 'public', 'protected', and 'private'

SAP Error Message - Details

• Message type: E = Error

• Message class: SABP_UNIT - ABAP Unit Messages

• Message number: 031

• Message text: Visibilities are 'public', 'protected', and 'private'

Self-Explanatory Message

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• What is the cause and solution for SAP error message SABP_UNIT031 - Visibilities are 'public', 'protected', and 'private' ?

  The SAP error message SABP_UNIT031 indicates that there is an issue with the visibility of class components (attributes or methods) in ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming). Specifically, it suggests that the visibility of the components is not properly defined or is conflicting with the expected access levels.
  Cause:
  The error typically arises when:
  
  You have defined class components (attributes or methods) with conflicting visibility levels (public, protected, private).
  There is an attempt to access a component with a visibility level that does not allow such access from the current context (e.g., trying to access a private attribute from outside the class).
  
  Solution:
  To resolve the SABP_UNIT031 error, you can take the following steps:
  
  
  Check Visibility Levels:
  
  Review the visibility levels of the class components. Ensure that they are correctly defined according to your design requirements.
  Public components can be accessed from anywhere, protected components can be accessed within the class and its subclasses, and private components can only be accessed within the class itself.
  
  
  
  Adjust Access Modifiers:
  
  If you need to access a component from outside the class, consider changing its visibility to public or protected as appropriate.
  If a component is meant to be private, ensure that all access to it is done within the class itself.
  
  
  
  Refactor Code:
  
  If the design requires certain components to be accessed in a specific way, you may need to refactor your code to adhere to the visibility rules.
  Consider using getter and setter methods for private attributes to control access while maintaining encapsulation.
  
  
  
  Check Inheritance:
  
  If you are working with class inheritance, ensure that the visibility of inherited components is correctly handled. Protected components can be accessed in subclasses, while private components cannot.
  
  
  
  Review Documentation:
  
  Consult the ABAP documentation or guidelines for best practices regarding class design and visibility.
  
  
  
  Related Information:
  
  
  Visibility Modifiers:
  
  Public: Accessible from anywhere.
  Protected: Accessible within the class and its subclasses.
  Private: Accessible only within the class itself.
  
  
  
  Encapsulation: This is a fundamental principle in object-oriented programming that restricts direct access to some of an object's components, which is achieved through visibility modifiers.
  
  
  ABAP Class Definition: When defining a class in ABAP, you typically specify the visibility of its components in the class definition section.
  
  
  By following these steps and understanding the principles of visibility in ABAP, you should be able to resolve the SABP_UNIT031 error effectively.